French Nobility - 1137 Words

French Nobility The French Nobility has been around since the beginning of the Roman Empire. Similar to the Romans, the French organized their state around the nobility and the clergy, not taking into account the massive amount of commoners. The Third Estate was finally created centuries later to help bring order and give common people their own place within society. Charles Loyseau and Isabelle de Charriere are two prime sources that compare French nobility during the 17th and 18th century, leading up to the French Revolution. Charles Loyseau, both a jurist and legal scholar evaluates French society in his writing A Treatise on Orders. In the writing of his treatise, Loyseau describes the â€Å"social anatomy of France† in an†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"It is certainly a very reasonable privilege that those who contribute their lives for the defense of the state be exempt from contributing their goods† (20). Loyseau shows the privileges of all orders le tting the reader understand politics and their society during this time. In Charriere excerpt from The Nobleman, the use of satire helps the audience understand that privileges can allow for a person to take advantage of a situation or of a person who does not hold the same privileges. The Baron d’Aronville is a good example of what happens to privileges when they have been in the family for generations. Old Aristocratic families only hold there ancientry dear to them because it legitimizes there nobility. Julia, unlike her father, never â€Å"consulted Patents of Nobility† and wants nothing to do with her noble heritage or rank. She also â€Å"would rather have been thought plebeian than proud† (37). Although ancientry gives people recognition and a title, Charriere reveals that the â€Å"most recent nobility is the best† because he works the hardest to maintain the title he has won (38). By using fiction and satire Charriere is clearly able to sho w the decay of ancient nobles and the misuse of privileges. When Loyseau discusses the basic orders in society, the only way to improve positions and privileges is through honor and merit. Honor and merit areShow MoreRelatedFrench Nobility in the 17th and 18th Centuries Essay1609 Words   |  7 PagesAssignment #1 The Nobility of France: 17th and 18th Century Impressions The nobility of the Kingdom of France has been evaluated by various scholars of history. There is something to be said, however, for those who chronicled their impressions while living them in the 17th and 18th centuries. The excerpts of Charles Loyseau’s A Treatise on Orders, written in 1610, and Isabelle de Charriere’s The Nobleman, written in 1763 provide two very different glimpses on the French nobility from differingRead MoreAp European History Dbq: French Nobility Essay examples603 Words   |  3 PagesJason Billinglsey European History 9 May 2013 DBQ: French Nobility During the time period of the late sixteenth century to the late eighteenth century the concept of what nobility is and what it was conceived to be varied greatly as more modern thoughts developed and desperation of monarchs grew to meet such demand. The arguments related to nobility differed greatly, but these were the most crucial; the difference between the sword and the robe and the right to even hold such a positionRead MoreWas The French Nobility Responsible For The Crisis That Destroyed The Ancien Regime?1627 Words   |  7 PagesESSAY QUESTION: To what extent was the French nobility responsible for the crisis that destroyed the ancien regime? Many Historians have come to the decisive conclusion that the French Revolution, an event that characterises Modern European History, has changed Europe. It was a time period that took place prior to the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte, between 1789 and the late 1970s. it denotes a time period in which the French civilians were aroused unanimously in overturning the traditionalistic â€Å"institutions†Read MoreLiterature Is The Expression Of The Thoughts Of Society941 Words   |  4 PagesFor example, there was a huge conflict over the power of knowledge between Medieval and Renaissance times, at this time Christopher Marlowe concocted Doctor Faustus. Subsequently Moliere wrote The Misanthrope. The play satirizes the hypocrisies of French aristocratic society. Lastly, Oscar Wilde’s The Importance of Being Earnest shows the satire and significance of the code of morals in high society during the Victorian Age. An understanding of a culture is necessary to grasp the themes wi thin literatureRead More The Rise Of Women In France Essay805 Words   |  4 PagesThe Rise of Women in French Society nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;During the Middle Ages, French society, along with the rest of Europe, revolved around the warrior class. In order to gain land and power nobles gave their services in the military and lived violent lifestyles. Treatment toward women during this period was harsh. quot;In a society of landed nobility dispersed fairly loosely across the country in their castles and estates, the likelihood of a preponderance of the man overRead MoreThe Late Century French Noble Constructed By Odo Of Cluny1642 Words   |  7 PagesThe early medieval nobility consists of elites within society of a higher social and political status due to their wealth, lineage, and reputation within the community. It can be argued that Gerald, a 10th century French noble constructed by Odo of Cluny embodies the social and political role of the nobility at the time, most prominently represented in his key role as a lord with heightening power in the ever developing feudal system, and integrally li nked with this, his unwavering loyalty to theRead MoreRelationship Between The Nobility And The Peasants1480 Words   |  6 PagesSource 6 Esther English Social Structure in the Early 18th Century. www4.wittenberg.edu/academics/hist/crom/brit/socstruc.html . N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Jan. 2016 The relationship between the nobility and the peasants is that one group is at the top, while the other is at the bottom. The nobility or gentry, were the dukes, marquesses, earls, viscounts and barons, of which there were about 180 in the early century. These were men who sat in the House of Lords by hereditary right. They lived in wealthRead MorePolitical Testament of Cardinal Richelieu Essay785 Words   |  4 Pagespragmatic attitude reminiscent of The Prince, a political work by 15th century Florentine politician Niccolà ³ Machiavelli. In Political Testament, Cardinal Richelieu explains that the nobility is something to be used as a tool, a perpetual game of appeasement and request of services. He understood that the nobility could be a nuisance and a body of dissent against the King, but that they were necessary to the crown to provide military aid and money. Richelieu explains that one must know how to manageRead MorePrologue of the Prioress in Canterbury Tales1029 Words   |  5 Pagesgod but to other things like her appearance or her table manner. She was a representative of the decline of religious world. The order of prologue is an evidence of social class. In the Middle Ages, knights were the highest class of non-hereditary nobility. Therefore, it is acceptable that the narrator introduced the knight, his son and the yeoman first. However, the prioress comes next while clergy was not considered one of the social classes in the Middle Ages. The status of her family might be soRead MorePhilip Augustus s Success Of The Angevin s Failure1502 Words   |  7 PagesFrance, which were the real driving force behind Philip s success. John’s comparative weakness and poor leadership credentials made Capetian success even more likely, but did not make it inevitable. Philip had to harness the French economy and win the support of his nobility. He was so successful in these endeavors that he would have been a match for any 12th century European power. The strength of the Capetian economy was one of the most important factors in Philip’s success. Philip personally

A Successful Business Leadership Style - 2658 Words

The ultimate aim of this research is to highlight a successful business leadership style. The intention is to research business leadership in the developing countries, and devise a new framework or strategy that can be used by businesses and education systems within developing countries and possibly other Asian countries. This framework would identify the qualities necessary to develop an appropriate leadership style to be an effective leader in organisations operating. This will be achieved by investigating the social and cultural environment and look at how these forces affect the business environment, and in particular the qualities of a good leader within the organisation. The research aims to fill a gap in the existing body of knowledge to do with leadership and management in different regions of the world. LITERATURE REVIEW Background Broadly speaking, â€Å"leadership† can be defined as a process in which an individual influences a group of individuals to work towards the achievement of a common goal or vision (Lussier, 1996; Northouse, 2001; Stogdill, 1974). Moreover, Bush and Coleman (2000) note that since most of what has been written about leadership draws upon western cultural models, it should be borne in mind that leadership might well be viewed differently in different cultures. The difference between leadership and management is vividly encapsulated in Bass s model of transformational and transactional leadership styles. Transformational leadersShow MoreRelatedDonald Trump s Leadership Style1132 Words   |  5 PagesLeadership traits have been studied to determine what makes certain people great leaders. There is no right way to be a great leader, there are many ways to be a good leader however, studies have shown that all good leaders have similar characteristics. Good leaders are able to recognize problems and opportunities, they can develop a vison and an implementation plan to carry out their vison. They understand that teamwork and the right people are vital in obtaining their end goal. All of the aboveRead MoreDifferent Types Of Leadership Styles976 Words   |  4 Pagestype of leadership styles. Servant leadership is a leadership that was discovered by Robert K. Greenleaf. Greenleaf founds some key tools on how individuals can serve and be leaders at the same time while being effective. Many organization use this theory in their organizations rather it’s for- profit or non- profit. It will be explored on how organizations use this theory and how it works for them as well as what leadership style is used for my particular organization and how successful that styleRead MoreThe Ethics of Leadership1648 Words   |  7 PagesThe Ethics of Leadership David Draper Ashford University BUS 610- Organizational Behavior Dr. Gary Shelton March 18, 2013 ABSTRACT The paper explores the leadership of Robert Nardelli at home depot during the years of 2000 through 2006. The paper focuses on his methods and actions in the context of leadership theory in an effort to define his specific leadership style. Once defined the paper examines his methods and actions to determine if they were ethical or unethical. Nardelli’sRead MoreEssay on Compare and Contrast Two Leadership Styles1262 Words   |  6 PagesLeadership can be defined as the ability to lead a group of people successfully in an organization. Hall, et al (2008) have mentioned that an effective leader has to be visionary, motivating and responsible in order to successfully run a business organization. In business the two key leadership styles, which are widely used in today’s corporate world are autocratic leadership and democratic leadership (Johnson, n.d.). Autocratic leadership may be explained as â€Å"a leadership style where the managerRead MorePerot Systems Leaders hip Paper1077 Words   |  5 PagesPerot Systems Leadership Paper Leadership is the flourishing interaction between a leader and employees. Leadership is a special case of interpersonal influence that gets an individual or group to do what the leader or manager wants done (Schermerhorn, Hunt Osborn, 2003, p. W-56). When employees are continually motivated to accomplish any task, leaders are successful. In todays progressive business world, leaders must adapt company policies, behaviors and procedures to maintain a healthy organizationalRead MoreThe Autocratic And Participative Leadership Styles Impact Company Culture, And Conflict Resolution1175 Words   |  5 Pagesparticipative leadership styles impacts company culture, and conflict resolution. At the core of leadership, is how individuals in an organization are rewarded and punished (Nwibere, 2013). Two very successful autocratic leaders are Steve Jobs of Apple, and Jack Ma of the Chinese company Alibaba (Allen, 2011; Shao, 2014). James Parker, CEO of Southwest Airlines during the 9/11 atta cks is cited as a great participatory leader (Advice America, 2015). This paper discusses how each style shapes companyRead MoreLeading At A Higher Level1455 Words   |  6 Pagesmaintaining a successful business or partnership. It explores the various styles of leadership primarily and demonstrates their level of efficiency through real world examples and step-by-step applications. Its 2009 revised and expanded edition, co-written with thirteen other successful authors and motivational speakers, addresses a vast audience, from the young future entrepreneur to the successful CEO. The book breaks down the three key conditions for building and remaining a strong and successful teamRead MoreThe Impact Of Coaching And Leadership On The Workplace1646 Words   |  7 PagesIn a business there are several different factors, and attributes that can excel or hinder a company’s environmental and economic success. Most people believe that a business’s longevity relies solely o n its profits and regulations, when in actuality, it is the coaching and the leadership of the business. In fact, coaching and leadership are the greatest attributes that accumulate to a company’s success, but if they are abused, or misused, they can cause severe damage to the company’s well-beingRead MoreThe Transformation Leadership Style And An Important Business Woman Who Has Proved1510 Words   |  7 PagesLeadership is the action of leading a group of people or an organization into success. Leadership cane be defined in many ways. To be a successful leader there are many traits and responsibilities that one must have. An important responsibility of leadership is to receive and utilize all important resources, take advantage of assistance and it encourages support from others who have already taken your path. Many are unsure of how to be a great leader and look to the wrong individual for those skillsRead Moresteve jobs leadership style Essay1105 Words   |   5 Pages Steve Job’s Leadership Style. Hoang Vu Dang Ha Bristol University Steve Job’s Leadership Style. Leadership style is a leaders style of providing direction, implementing plans, and motivating people. There are many different leadership styles such as leaders in the political, business or other fields. Steve Jobs (24th February, 1955 – 5th October, 2011) is one of the most remarkable leadership people in modern history and he is well-known as the co-founder

Shivaji Free Essays

Chhatrapati Shivaji Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj was the founder of the Maratha Empire in western India. He is considered to be one of the greatest warriors of his time and even today, stories of his exploits are narrated as a part of the folklore. King Shivaji used the guerrilla tactics to capture a part of, the then, dominant Mughal empire. We will write a custom essay sample on Shivaji or any similar topic only for you Order Now Read this biography to get more information on the warrior and his life history: Early Life Shivaji was born on 19th February 1630, to Sahaji and his wife, Jijabai, in the Shivneri Fort, situated almost 60 km to the north of Pune. He was named as Shiva, after the local Goddess Shivai, to whom his mother Jijabai had prayed for a son. After being defeated by the combined forces of the Mughals and Adil Shah, Sahaji was offered a jagir near the present-day Bangalore. However, he was allowed to keep his holdings in Pune. So, Sahaji left his son Shivaji to manage the Pune holdings, under the care of his mother Jijabai. With a small council of ministers, Shivaji began managing his estate. His ministers included Shamrao Nilkanth as Peshwa, Balkrishna Pant as Muzumdar, Raghunath Ballal as Sabnis and Sonopant as Dabir. At the same time, Kanhoji Jedhe and Baji Pasalkar were appointed to look after Shivaji’s training. In the year 1644, Shivaji undertook full administrative responsibilities of his estate. Thus was started his career as an independent young prince of a small kingdom. His mother, Jijabai, was instrumental in instilling in Shivaji’s mind a love for independence and distaste for external political domination. Career The first aggression in the life of Shivaji came at the age of sixteen, when he seized the Torna fort of Bijapur kingdom. By 1647, he had gained control over Kondana and Rajgad forts, with complete power of the Pune region. With time, Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj secured the forts in the Western Ghats as well as those along the Konkan coast. Shivaji also fought against the army of Adilshah at Purandhar. In November 1659, he fought the battle of Pratapgarh and defeated Afzal Khan. Immediately after this success, King Shivaji occupied the area stretching upto the Panhala fort. The battle of Kolhapur took place in December 1659. In the battle, Shivaji crushed the army of Bijapuri general, Rustemjaman. In 1660, Siddi Johar’s huge and daunting army attacked him at Panhala fort. Shivaji managed to escape from the fort. However, he soon launched an attack on Siddi Johar. The result was the surrender of Panhala and a truce between Shivaji and Adilshah. After the death of Adilshah, Aurangzeb attacked Golconda and Bijapur. Shivaji used guerilla-style tactics and captured more and more of the Bijapuri and Mughal territories. However, by 1663, he had lost most of his conquests to the Mughal army. In the next few years, Shivaji again started seizing forts belonging to both Mughals as well as those of Bijapur. Aurangzeb sent Jai Singh, his Hindu general, to capture Shivaji. Shivaji surrendered to Jai Singh at Purander in 1665 and agreed becoming a Mughal vassal. In 1666, he managed to escape form his house arrest in Agra and lay low for the next few years. However, in January 1670, Shivaji launched an attack on Mughal garrisons in Maharashtra. Within a period of six months, he won back most of his lost empire. The period of 1670 to 1674 was spent by Shivaji Maharaj in expanding his empire at the cost of the Mughals. In 1670, Shivaji launched an assault, under his General – Tanaji Malusare, to capture Kondana fort on the outskirts of Pune. The battle was won but he lost Tanaji. In the honor of Tanaji, the Kondana fort was renamed as Sinhagad. Shivaji was formally crowned as Chatrapati (meaning the Chief, Head or King of Kshatriyas) in June 1674 at the Raigad fort. He was given the title of Kshatriya Kulavantas Simhasanadheeshwar Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj. The end of 1676 saw Shivaji commencing attacks in the southern parts of India. Death and Succession Shivaji breathed his last on 3rd April 1680 in the Raigad fort, the capital for Maratha Empire. He was succeeded by his elder son, Sambhaji. How to cite Shivaji, Essay examples

Reading bed time stories. free essay sample

The boy crinkles his nose in response to the smell of the musty, antique odor from the well-worn book, the faded title of Harry Potter enscripted on the cover. The little boy, ten years old at most, sits on the couch and begins to read the book. He is lost in his own world, in a world of wizardry, sorcery, and magic. Two, three, four, five hours fly by; the boy refuses to even eat dinner, refuses to even lift his eyes for a second from the book. He reads until he is finished, until the hunger of not food but imagination is nourished. He sets the book down and glances at the clock. Its past 1 oclock and theres no time to ask his parents for dinner. He goes into the kitchen to fix himself a midnight snack. Ever since I was a child, I remembered how much I loved reading. We will write a custom essay sample on Reading bed time stories. or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Reading was a stimulant; a positive outlet in which I can express my imagination and journey into an uncharted world of a book. Born as a second generation South Korean, I was raised in an environment in which my parents struggled to settle in the American culture. My parents were awkward, strange, and different. Their limitations as immigrants impacted me; often as a child, I was alone, quiet, introverted. Growing up in a household where I was forbidden to speak English, it was a struggle to understand fully the meaning in the words of the books I read. I yearned to understand the depth of the books I read but the words challenged me, almost taunting me that, like my parents, I wouldnt be able to overcome the situation I was placed in. But I worked hard. Every week, I went to the library to check out new books. Towers of unread books that came home every Monday became a scattered rubble of accomplishment by Friday afternoons. Slowly, but surely, I became a better reader. Pretty soo n, I was the fastest reader in the class. People would look at me in amazement as they saw me read 500 page books in a matter of days. But I believe the greatest accomplishment was reading every night to my parents. Every evening, we sat down together in our dimly lighted living room, and I read to them; the irony of the fact that I was never read bedtime stories and read such stories to my parents. Like a wizard chanting from his bible of witchery, I too read aloud to my parents, casting the spell that harnessed the magic of another language. And slowly, but surely, our vocabulary grew. My parents were finding it easier to communicate with others; for me, grammar quizzes became a breeze. Today a boy sits down on his bed and opens up Brave New World. Its his second time re-reading it. His mother knocks on the door, asking in tolerable English what he would like for dinner. That boy is proud to have Asian-American parents who were patient enough to learn English from a young boy, and who were wise enough to teach their son to read at a young age. Today, that boy wants to pursue his interest in literacy a step further. He wants to one day become a journalist and journey to Africa to teach the impoverished villagers and children how to read and speak English. He wants to give the gift of literacy to others like he had given to his parents.

The Good Evil Transformation Hamlet Essay Example For Students

The Good Evil Transformation Hamlet Essay Hamlet’s transforms from good to evil in the play Hamlet by Shakespeare. Hamlet experiences a lot of pain and becomes very anger because of his father’s death, his mother’s bad remarriage, and the loss of his only love, Ophelia. The losses that Hamlet has to deal with are the anger and lack of forgiveness build in himself. This allows Hamlet’s true thoughts and character to be revealed through his soliloquies. First, Hamlet reveals his wishes that he could just melt away and be gone; because if he dies, he would be free from the world. Hamlet thinks about how is father was a leader and went from a noble king to a king that does not desire to help his people and serve his country. Hamlet loves the power and the fame that is comes with being a king. Hamlet also shows his anger and disbelief with women in general â€Å" Frailty, thy name is women† like his mother and her bad marriage with Clauduis. Hamlet says he is â€Å"sick at heart† over his father’s death and his mother’s remarriage. Hamlet finds out that his uncle Clauduis has killed the King, Hamlet’s father. We will write a custom essay on The Good Evil Transformation Hamlet specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The ghost of Hamlet’s father tells him to try and seek evenge against Clauduis who was responsible for the king’s murder. So, Hamlet needs to kill Clauduis to avenge his father’s death. Hamlet must kill his uncle and get his innocent hands full of blood, so he can avenge his father’s death. Hamlet now turns into a deceitful person. He now tries to come up with a plan to kill Clauduis for his crime. Hamlet starts to question his ability to get revenge for his father’s death. He wonders if he is too much of a coward. Hamlet starts to think if it is better to live life with the pain of his father’s murder or try o get revenge by killing his uncle Clauduis. Hamlet believes that death is the same as going to sleep, forever. Hamlet thinks if he could go into a deep sleep that would stop all the pain and suffering plus all his sorrow and he would be happy to do it. Hamlet hesitates about taking his own life and falling asleep forever because, he thinks that when he is asleep he will have dreams and the dreams he will be very disturbing to him. For the first time, Hamlet meets his mother in privacy. At least that is what he thinks. He starts to discuss his feelings of his mother, but he vows that e will speak daggers, but he will never actually use one. While Hamlet speaks with his mother, someone else is listening to their every word. Polonius has devised a plan to hide himself behind a curtain in the room and listen in on Hamlet and his mother’s conversation to find out if Hamlet has gone mad. Hamlet discovers that there is something behind the curtain. He thinks that it is Clauduis hiding behind the curtains and that he will finally get revenge like the ghost asked him to. Hamlet thinks his quest to avenge his father’s death is about to end. But, he is going to find out that it is not true. His ambition gets the best of him, and he does not think correctly. Hamlet kills the great Polonius. Before this event, Hamlet is known to use his intelligence before he commits a task, but this one action seemed to change his fate. He later blames his madness as being responsible for the death of Polonius. Hamlet is now starting to lose his mind. Hamlet now takes time to think of all the events that have just occurred. Everything is not going his way, makes his revenge for his father’s murder very difficult. .u5c72a1b41c61f297fdd2caf4e77f2a55 , .u5c72a1b41c61f297fdd2caf4e77f2a55 .postImageUrl , .u5c72a1b41c61f297fdd2caf4e77f2a55 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5c72a1b41c61f297fdd2caf4e77f2a55 , .u5c72a1b41c61f297fdd2caf4e77f2a55:hover , .u5c72a1b41c61f297fdd2caf4e77f2a55:visited , .u5c72a1b41c61f297fdd2caf4e77f2a55:active { border:0!important; } .u5c72a1b41c61f297fdd2caf4e77f2a55 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5c72a1b41c61f297fdd2caf4e77f2a55 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5c72a1b41c61f297fdd2caf4e77f2a55:active , .u5c72a1b41c61f297fdd2caf4e77f2a55:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5c72a1b41c61f297fdd2caf4e77f2a55 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5c72a1b41c61f297fdd2caf4e77f2a55 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5c72a1b41c61f297fdd2caf4e77f2a55 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5c72a1b41c61f297fdd2caf4e77f2a55 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5c72a1b41c61f297fdd2caf4e77f2a55:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5c72a1b41c61f297fdd2caf4e77f2a55 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5c72a1b41c61f297fdd2caf4e77f2a55 .u5c72a1b41c61f297fdd2caf4e77f2a55-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5c72a1b41c61f297fdd2caf4e77f2a55:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Andrew Coleman 10K Wednesday, 02 April 2003 EssayHe that hath made us with arge discourse and the incapability of making godlike reason, made us only contain one part wisdom and three parts coward. † With this, he questions why he still lives to say these words. â€Å"Witness this army of such mass and charge, led by a delicate and tender prince, whose spirit, with divine ambition puff’d. † Hamlet emphasizes how a righteous and pure spirit becomes crushed by ambition, the aspiration of becoming renowned and accepted. â€Å"My thoughts be bloody or be nothing worth. † Hamlet has now revealed his own crisis. A righteous and pure spirit that has bee n crushed by his longing revenge towards Claudius. In Hamlet by Williams Shakespeare, Hamlet’s character is perceived at the beginning of the play as one of virtue and integrity. He becomes a victim of evil and corruptness because he never forgives Claudius for murdering his father and also never forgives his own mother for marrying Claudius. Hamlet’s character transformation is very plain to see in the last line of his last soliloquy â€Å"my thoughts be bloody or be nothing worth. † He allows himself to become someone that prospers off the thought of revenge, and this, ultimately, gets him killed.

40 Words Ending in -ade

40 Words Ending in -ade 40 Words Ending in -ade 40 Words Ending in -ade By Mark Nichol A number of words share the inflected ending -ade, which denotes an action or something that performs an action or function. The following comprehensive but not exhaustive list includes definitions of forty such words (and the meaning of each root word). 1. accolade (â€Å"embrace†): an award, praise, or ceremonial embrace or salute 2. ambuscade (â€Å"in forest†): an ambush 3. arcade (â€Å"arch†): an arched building, gallery, avenue, or passageway, or series of arches, or a business where coin-operated games are played 4. balustrade (â€Å"small pillar†): a row of vertical balusters, or railing supports, topped by a railing, or a low barrier 5. barricade (â€Å"barrel†): a barrier or obstacle, especially one built up to deter an enemy (also a verb meaning â€Å"block† or â€Å"prevent access†) 6. blockade (â€Å"block†): blocking of access or egress by military force (also a verb meaning â€Å"block to prevent access or egress by military force,† or simply â€Å"block† or â€Å"obstruct†) 7. brigade (â€Å"troop†): a large subdivision of an army 8. brocade (â€Å"little nail†): silk fabric with gold or silver weaved in (also a verb meaning â€Å"weave gold or silver with silk†) 9. cannonade (â€Å"tube†): a discharge of cannon 10. carronade (proper name Carron): a short cannon 11. cascade (â€Å"fall†): a waterfall, especially one in a series, or arrangement or occurrence of a succession of stages, or something falling or rushing (also a verb meaning â€Å"fall, pour, or rush in or as if in a cascade†) 12. cavalcade (â€Å"horse†): a parade of troops or other people mounted on horses, or simply a parade 13. charade (â€Å"chat†): a deceptive or empty act, or nonwritten clues about a word; charades is a game in which players try to guess a word or phrase represented by another player’s actions 14. chiffonade (â€Å"crumple†): finely cut or shredded herbs or vegetables 15. colonnade (â€Å"column†): a series of regularly spaced supporting columns 16. crusade (â€Å"cross†): a series of military expeditions to assert the influence of Christian nations in the Middle East (capitalized when referred to as â€Å"the Crusades†), or an enthusiastic effort to solve a problem (as a verb, meaning â€Å"engage in a crusade†) 17. decade (â€Å"ten†): a period of ten years, a group or set of ten, or a 10-to-1 order of magnitude 18. enfilade (â€Å"thread†): gunfire along the length of an enemy line of battle, or a series of rooms (as a verb, â€Å"fire along the length of a line of battle†) 19. escalade (â€Å"ladder†): an act of scaling fortification walls (also a verb meaning â€Å"scale fortification walls†) 20. escapade (â€Å"escape†): an unapproved or unconventional adventure 21. esplanade (â€Å"level†): an expanse of level ground, especially for walking or driving along a shore 22. facade (â€Å"face†): a front of a building, or any surface given special architectural treatment; also, an artificial or false appearance or effect 23. fanfaronade (â€Å"braggart†): bluster 24. fusillade (â€Å"steel for striking fire†): simultaneous or rapidly consecutive firing or throwing of projectiles, or a critical outburst 25. gasconade (â€Å"Gascon,† a person of Basque heritage): a boast or bluster 26. glissade (â€Å"slide†): a standing or squatting slide down a snowy slope, or a gliding ballet step (also a verb meaning, in either sense, â€Å"perform a glissade†) 27. harlequinade (â€Å"clown†): pantomime or play featuring the comic-relief stock commedia dell’arte character Harlequin 28. lemonade (â€Å"lemon†): a beverage made with lemonade, water, and a sweetener (also, limeade, orangeade, etc.) 29. marinade (â€Å"liquid†): a flavoring and/or tenderizing sauce (also a verb meaning â€Å"flavor and/or tenderize with sauce†) 30. marmalade (â€Å"quince†): jelly with pieces of fruit and fruit rind 31. masquerade (â€Å"mask†): a costume party or a costume for such a party, or an action or appearance designed to mislead (also a verb meaning â€Å"disguise† or â€Å"pretend†) 32. motorcade (â€Å"move†): a procession of vehicles 33. palisade (â€Å"stake†): a long, pointed stake, or a fence made of such stakes, or a line of cliffs resembling one 34. parade (â€Å"prepare†): a procession or ceremonial formation, a location for such a formation or for strolling, or a showy display (also a verb meaning â€Å"maneuver,† â€Å"march,† or â€Å"stroll† or â€Å"show off†) 35. pomade (â€Å"apple†): a perfumed hair treatment or other ointment 36. promenade (â€Å"stroll†): a stroll or a place for strolling, a ceremonial march at a formal dance, or a square dance figure (also a verb meaning â€Å"stroll†); the abbreviation prom refers to a dance event 37. renegade (â€Å"deny†): one who changes allegiance or who does not follow traditional behavior 38. serenade (â€Å"calm†): a courting song, or, in general, a free performance, or a song presented as such, or an instrumental composition in several movements 39. stockade (â€Å"stake†): a tall fence for defense or enclosure (also a verb meaning â€Å"fortify† or â€Å"surround†) 40. tirade (â€Å"shoot†): a long, angry speech Ballad (originally ballade, meaning â€Å"dance†), meaning â€Å"romantic or sentimental song,† or â€Å"narrative rhymed verse,† is in this category of terms. Also, words ending in -ado denote a person performing an action, as seen, for example, in commando and desperado, or an active phenomenon, such as in the case of tornado. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:25 Subordinating ConjunctionsLatin Plural EndingsWhat Is a Doctor?

Cold War History Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Cold War History - Research Paper Example The world quickly turned into polarized and bipolar. Fourth, two superpowers appeared in the world with military and economic power which gave them a significant advantage over the others. Plus, the interests of Western countries in different parts of the globe began to come up against the interests of the Soviet Union. The new political conditions, formed after World War II, were quickly understood by Churchill, who announced the new realia and called them the Cold War1. The defeat of such powerful monsters as Germany and Japan testified that the balance of power in the world was changed. The Allied forces of the Four Powers - the Soviet Union, the United States, Britain and France occupied the territory of Germany and Austria in accordance with the decisions of the Potsdam Conference. The political influence of the Soviet Union extended to Poland, part of Germany, occupied by Soviet forces, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia and Romania. Though the country was exhausted by war, it badly needed to recover economic and human resources, it still had the most powerful and experienced army of about 11 million soldiers2. On the other hand, the U.S. became the dominant global power after the Second World War, which has enormous economic, air, sea and nuclear power. As a result of the effective strategy the United States increased the gross national product by 1.7 times (excluding inflation) during the war and lost only 300 thousand soldiers. The U.S. dollar became the most stable currency and New York - the largest financial market in the world. The country quickly overcame inflation, raised wages and had the world’s highest productivity. Economic power of the United States, its industrial and financial expansion, contributed to the fact that the United States got the role of global hegemon3. Growing distrust among the former Allies led to the fact that the countries of Western Europe and the U.S. joined forces against the USSR. The Soviet Union, i n an effort to protect its borders, created a kind of a buffer of the countries which formed pro-Soviet government after the war. Thus, the world was divided into two camps: capitalist and socialist. Both established the so-called systems of collective security - military blocs. On 4 April 1949 the North Atlantic Treaty was signed and the world saw a new military organization - NATO, which included the U.S., Canada and Western Europe. In May, 1955, the Warsaw Pact was signed as a countermeasure. It included (that year) Albania (later, in 1968, it denounced the pact), Bulgaria, Hungary, East Germany, Poland, Romania, USSR, Czechoslovakia. The polarization of the world was over4. The created coalitions, led by their leaders, began to struggle for influence in third world countries. One of the most memorable results of the Cold War is Arms Race Its start was related to atomic weapons. In 1945 the United States was the only nuclear power in the world. Hiroshima and Nagasaki got â€Å"i nformed† about that. That strategic superiority fostered the U.S. military begin to build a variety of plans of pre-emptive strikes on the Soviet Union. But the American monopoly on nuclear weapons remained only four years. In 1949 the USSR tested its first atomic bomb. This event was a real shock to the Western world and an important milestone of the Cold War.

Accreditation of City College of San Francisco Research Paper - 1

Accreditation of City College of San Francisco - Research Paper Example Besides that I have incorporated pathos since there is an element of persuasion in argumentation and what better way to persuade than to appeal through the emotions of your opposition. The use of pathos has been juxtaposed with the use of logos since the opposition is one of the high intellects. Juxtaposition, therefore, is my second rhetorical device. The largest community college in California seems to have landed itself in big trouble. It faces the daunting prospect of losing its accreditation, a decision that would mean no more financial aid for its students and possibly the closure of the institution itself. The reasons for these are mainly fiscal trouble and mismanagement. Evaluators are not happy with the way City College allocates its budget, nor with the fact that it has a very few administrative staff, most of which, is untrained. According to Roberts, 92% of City College’s budget is spent on salaries and benefits with retirement benefits spiraling out of control, much of its one-time working capital is used to fund operational expenses and has a small number of administrators who are too inexperienced to run a big institution such as City College (Roberts). The Accrediting Commission for Community and Junior Colleges has given its verdict based on these reasons, the President of the Commission, Barbara Beno said, â€Å"Only accredited colleges can receive public funding under state law. However, City Colleges failure to fix serious, long-standing problems of leadership and fiscal planning means that the accrediting commission could vote as early as next June to yank the schools all-important certification† (Asimov). Losing accreditation would therefore mean no more public funding for one of the largest institutions in California, no chance of financial aid for its 90000 students and the dire prospect of closure. In fact, City College will also not be able to transfer credits,

Helping Our Students Transition Successfully Coursework

Helping Our Students Transition Successfully - Coursework Example Student who used to plan their schedules so that they have afternoon classes or classes during particular days of the week, have hard time coping up with job environments that demand full time working for five days a week. One needs to wake up early and ensure that they arrive to work by 8 a.m. in college, there is a lot of free time and vocation time especially when students break for summer or winter. Some other colleges have mid-semester break. Unfortunately, this is not that case with work. One is only entitled for utmost two-weeks leave which mostly come once in a year (Gore, 4). Though one may find hard managing various discussion groups in college, it becomes harder when one is employed. Students are therefore requested to make use of their time in colleges so as to prepare them for their careers. College is a factory that transforms students into corporates. It is in college where one gets the opportunity to try different things and be somehow irresponsible. Acting unprofessionally while in college will only result to poor grades or a lecture from the administration. In working environment, people are required to maintain highest standards of professionalism. Any act of unprofessionalism lead to dismissal or stern warning from the management. In addition, while a student is in college, they may sweet talk their lectures if they fail to meet deadline to submit assignments, this is not the case while one is working. As a professional, one must meet deadlines set for them (Kuh, 12). Finally, in college, students are used to lectures giving then notes and assisting them solve complex assignment. At work, one is supposed to figure out solutions to complex situations as this is the only way one becomes distinguished. Students must therefore conduct themselves in the most professio nal manner that will reflect who they will be in their career. Many students

Personal philosophy of leadership

Personal philosophy of leadership Leadership Leadership is the ability of one to guide others; it is based on ones abilities and qualities rather than skills. One is born with these inherent qualities and naturally leads others; these qualities are such as honesty, courage, confidence, determination and wisdom among others. A leader is different from a manager, while a leader is born with the qualities a manger is created from skills he acquires. The leader can become a manger while a manger is not necessarily a leader. The leader is seen as a person in charge they are consulted for they ability to make decisions and guide the course of events. While this may be true the leader is also a servant, a good leaders purpose is to serve those who he has been bestowed upon the responsibility of guiding. This may seem absurd but looking at leadership from a critical point of view one is able to understand the huge responsibility on their shoulders as they are often looked upon. The position of leadership is either bestowed upon them or it comes naturally, when a faced by a certain decision a leader in a group will emerge without being appointed. Leadership is then called upon to be based on ethics. The reason for this is that leadership in todays world is under constant scrutiny, everyone is watching the actions of the leader they make comments and pass judgment. The leadership position is no longer a revered position, it is one thought respected is not exempted from the societys scrutiny. A good leader is one who involves those he leads in the every decision making and activities of this group. The leadership role should also elevate the followers to a higher and better position. Leadership is meant improve the individuals, a leader that leads those he leads into destruction or ruin is not an ethical leader. Ethically there are accepted behavioral aspects that are expected of a leader, the leader is not supposed to abuse the powers bestowed to him. They should not betray the trust and loyalty empowered to them by others, they are supposed to be consistent, should not hoard privileges and more so they should accept responsibility. These are the ethical aspects of leadership expected by the society. Personal Leadership Competence Leadership theories have been in use to help describe leadership. The transformational leadership theory is based upon the ethical approach, where both the leader and followers are engaged in a combined effort to raise each other. Transformational leaders raise the standards by being good examples to their followers. The process or transactional leader whose concern the creation of structures that he expects the followers to adhere to, of they do he rewards them. The transformational leader promotes social values and encourages his followers. Leadership development is not only restricted to mangers and leaders but can be useful to employees who are seeking to further their skills in leadership. In order for one to effectively develop their leadership skills, they need to develop a plan. This is guided by leadership competence skills. The first step to achieving a personal leadership plan is the identification of goals. In order for me to achieve a healthcare leadership competence in the 21st century, the first step is to complete the master program in health informatics. This training is meant to give me skills in the information sector that are necessary in the field of health. The use and application of computers, information technology in the healthcare sector necessitates the learning of health informatics. This will be acquired in the process of training and work experience as a nurse. Then I must access proficiency. The next step in my leadership development plan is the identification of learning experiences. As a nurse i need to develop a learning contract with my immediate supervisor. This step is necessary as it gives me hands on experience and learning opportunities in the work environment. The supervisor is there to give guidance, work experiences and a guide in the learning process in the work place. This interaction also assists one in the acquiring of leadership skills especially when a supervisor assigns one an assignment. In the learning process I should get a mentor in the field of nursing. This mentor is an authority in the area in which I am interested in. the purposes of mentors are to assist the learner in the learning process, they are both friends and leaders to the leaner. A mentor should be able to assist the learner in their quest for knowledge, give those resources, and practical experience as well as the exposure they require. During this learning process, to acquire the necessary leadership skills, as a potential nursing director, I should engage in some cross training program. The purpose of which is to acquire theoretical knowledge in the field of interest. Programs such as these may involve workshops, or seminars organized in the work place. Volunteering for duty is one other sure way of accruing leadership skills. Grabbing the opportunity to fill in the position of a supervisor or staff that is away will expose one to the daily responsibilities. It is during these instances that one is well aware of their qualities as a leader, their shortcomings and strengths because this opportunities offer one the chance to exercise their knowledge. Filling in the position of a senior nurse even for one day is a fulfilling exercise; it even exposes one to the management. An important learning practice is that of joining outside professional organizations. Either as a trainee, a part time worker or a volunteer the purpose again is learning, getting a feel of the leadership skill outside your workplace, gaining insights into how other organizations work. While learning can be obtained within the organizations workshops and training programs, but it is also good to obtain certifications from other institutions of learning in the medical field. Short courses offered add value to an individual as well as training in the relevant field. With todays ever changing market, institutions of higher learning are developing short courses to training professionals. A nurse can find these courses useful if they intend to further their career. These courses are also flexible in terms of time, evening, weekends holidays or even online and correspondence. It is important to try out online self test programs; these are meant to provide an individual with an opportunity to self evaluate themselves. Apart from these online programs ,there are books and tapes available on the self test. Upon completion of the learning experiences it is necessary to have a developmental plan. This plan should detail the duration of time, specific objectives and goals to be achieved. The developmental plan should entail the learning experiences. The mentor, the short courses one intends to attend. Organizations that one is attending should incorporate self test, this show also state the results of the test. The strengths and weaknesses of the individual, s a nurse the developmental plan should have the short and long term goals. The plan of completing health informatics course, the steps intended to achieve skills in order to be a nurse director. Strategic planning should be involved in the developmental planning stage; this involves the vision statement of the person. The vision here is to a nurse director; basically the vision is based on the long term goals. Strategic planning also consists of the mission, a personal mission details the specific objectives and how they plan to achieve them. By completing a course in informatics health and developing plans to achieve leadership training I am well on the way of becoming a nurse director. After planning, it is important to complete the learning experiences. These experiences were set in the time frame of the development plan. As one attains the learning experiences it is important to assess the progress. Assessment can be carried out during the experience or on completion of the experience. Continual assessment is advised since one can put checks in place as they undergo the learning process. Continuous assessment is supposed to assist in making sure that the goals are being fulfilled. It is during this assessment periods that one can incorporate short term goals in the master plan. The short term goals are like check makers in a plan, having achieved a certain short term goal one is then able to move to the next learning activity. Plans also change during these continuous assessments, this is in a case where it is found that the plan was not achieving the long term objective. Apart from continuous assessments one can carry out an assessment at the end of the exercise . This is at the end of the program, this is meant to evaluate the success of the program, and whether on e was able to achieve the goals set out. If this was not done then one goes back to the first step and identify new goals. The assessment should clearly give a guide where a step went wrong. In summary a leader is the decisive factor in the organization and society at large. Leadership should be based on ones abilities and qualities rather than skills. One is born with these inherent qualities and naturally leads others; these qualities are such as honesty, courage, confidence, determination and wisdom among others. A leader should be very different from a manager, while a leader is born with the qualities a manger is created from skills he acquires. The leader can become a manger while a manger is not necessarily a leader. The leader is seen as a person in charge they are consulted for they ability to make decisions and guide the course of events. While this may be true the leader is also a servant, a good leaders purpose is to serve those who he has been bestowed upon the responsibility of guiding. The development of an individual to a leader should be based on self motivation. By attaining leadership skills one should be able to effectively mange and his peers. Person al leadership skills are meant for self improvement, they assist one in the workplace and his career objectives. Work cited Cromwell, S. and Kolb, J, An examination of work-environment support factors affecting transfer of supervisory skills training to the work place. Human Resource Development Quarterly,2004 Vol. 15 No. 4, pp. 449-71. Carter, N. Leadership Development Planning. Retrieved 1st May 2010, http://managementhelp.org/ldr_dev/ldr_dev.htm Baldwin, T. and Ford, K. (1988), Transfer Of Training: A Review And Directions For Future Research.Personnel Psychology, Spring, Vol. 41 Issue 1, p63-105 Brinkmann, T. How to Create a Personal Leadership Development Plan. 2007 Retrieved May 1, 2010, fromhttp://ezinearticles.com/?How- to- Create- a- Personal- Leadership- Development- Planid=803557 Kendra, C.Leadership Theories 8 Major LeadershipTheories retrieved 1st May 2010, http://psychology.about.com/od/leadership/p/leadtheories.htm NSS. Scotland. Delivery Through Leadership: Leadership Development Plan. Scottish Executive, Edinburgh 2005 Stephen, R., Bruce, M. and Terry, W.M., Organizational Behavior. Published by Prentice Hall, 4th ed.

Lost in Translation by Ewa Hoffman Essay -- Lost in Translation Ewa Ho

Lost in Translation - A Place to Remember As people grow up, there are special places that remain in the memories. These places become a safe haven when life becomes too rough to handle. All the bad qualities of this place disappear in their minds so that only a perfect world exists. This is a place where everything is right and everyday troubles do not exist. In the novel Lost in Translation by Ewa Hoffman, she describes this paradise of sorts as her hometown of Cracow, Poland. Cracow, Poland is where Ewa spent the majority of her childhood up until age fourteen when she emigrated to the Canada with her mother, father, and younger sister Alina. Although she only spent fourteen years there, this place became a magical entrapment for her. In Cracow, Ewa...

Positive Social Change Essay

Participatory Action Research (PAR) is a type of research that involves all parties who are considered relevant in the issue in examining together current action- considered as the source of the problem, for the promotion of change and improvement of such current situation. It is not the type of research that precedes future actions. It is an action which is researched, changed and re-researched, a continuing process by and for its participants. It may not be used by one group of people for their own benefit versus other groups that are also involved in the issue. It is genuinely democratic by nature and is non-coercive. The people who the research aims to help are also active participants to the research process (Wadsworth, 1998). Action research or participatory action research for the past few years has come out to be a significant methodology for intervention and developmental change programs within different communities and groups. It has been implemented and promoted by many agencies and programs, also by countless local community organizations around the globe which attests to its effectiveness (Checkland & Howell, 1998). The many theories and research in social psychology, such as action research, among others, that put all theories into practice has certainly effected positive change. They have helped in ascertaining reasons behind the surfacing of various problems- whether it be on the individual or societal level. Knowing the source or sources of the problems and the factors that come into play has helped in coming up with feasible solutions to such through intervention methods or coming up with community programs. There have been changes in the type of methods employed in social psychology research as the years go by. From seeing participants in research as the â€Å"other†, a â€Å"subject† which is reminiscent of scientific research methods, as gleaned above in the definition of Active Participatory Research, there comes a shift in the treatment of participants in the study as not merely passive subjects/objects but as co-researchers themselves. This has been seen to yield a richer understanding of the issues at hand and provides for easier enactment of proposed intervention programs. As such, it is my belief that future research in social psychology would veer towards this direction due to its effectiveness in pinpointing specific problem areas and formulating innovative solutions to such. This social psychology course has made an impact in my life in many ways. Studying theories and methods on human behavior has helped me become more aware of my own behavior and how it affects others. Knowing the detriment that my behavior may cause gives me the ability to slowly change my approach in interacting with others so as I will be able to have a more harmonious relationship with everyone around me. That said, this course in Social Psychology has not only helped me understand the world around me, but myself as well, that may yield positive changes not only in my life, but that of others’ around me as well. REFERENCE LIST Wadsworth, Y. (1998). What is Participatory Action Research? Australia: Institute of Workplace Research, Learning and Development, Southern Cross University Press. Checkland, P. , & Holwell, S. (1998). Action Research: Its Nature and Validity. Systemic Practice and Action Research, Volume 11, (Issue 1, Feb), p 9-21. Jenner, E. A. , Watson, P. W. B. , Miller, L. , Jones, F. , & Scott, G. M. (2002). Explaining hand hygiene practice: an extended application of the Theory of Planned Behavior. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 7(3), 311-326.

Case Analysis: Netflix

1.0 Problem Statement: This case analysis deals with â€Å"Loss of Revenues and declining growth of Netflix in the face of stiff competition.† 2.0Scenario: Founded in the year 1997 by Reed Hastings, the company started the DVD online service in 1999 and expanded rapidly to be the world’s largest Online DVD movie rental service in the year 2005, having 3.59 million subscribers as at the third quarter of 2005. The company has the exclusive advantage of proprietary software ‘Cinematch’ to provide subscribers with personalized movie recommendations. The company has 37 regional shipping locations to efficiently manage the logistics of the DVDs. Netflix has eight different subscriptions plans ranging from $9.99 to $ 47.99 for the customers to choose from with no time limit for the return of the DVDs, of course subject to a maximum number of DVDs the subscriber can hold at any point of time. The Company faces the problem of decline in profits due to lower subscription prices. To combat the competition from the nearest rival Blockbusters Neflix had to lower the subscription in its premium segment. The decline in revenues had made the company to put on hold its expansion plans to UK and Canada. 3.0 Analysis: The analysis of the case of Netflix presents three distinct problem areas relating to the structure and design of the organization which the company needs to concentrate on. They are: 3.1 Revision in subscription Rates: The company was rather forced to lower its subscription rates to cope up with the competition from the rivals. The reduction being in the most sought segment of $ 21.99 plan, has severely affected the revenue realization of the company. As a result the cost of revenues rose to 59.71 percent for the first nine months period of the year 2005 as compared to 54.61 percent for the year 2004. This has caused a decline in the gross profit. There is no significant change in the operating expenses to total revenues. The percentage of operating expenses remains at 41.5 percent for 2004 and 40.2 percent for the first three quarters of 2005. 3.2 Number of Subscribers: Though there is an increase in the number of subscribers the rate at which the subscriber list is expanding does not relate itself with the reduction in the subscription rates. This is evident from the fact that the subscriber acquisition cost has increased from $ 36.09 for the year 2004 to $ 36.92 for the broken period of 2005. In order to break even it is essential for the company to concentrate on increasing the number of subscriber base to result in enhanced rental revenues. Addition to the subscribers is at 75.5 percent for the year 2004, whereas it stood at 37.6 percent for the first nine months of 2005. Even considering the estimated increase to 4 million subscribers at the end of 2005 the percentage addition would still remain at 53.25 percent which is not working to the advantage of the company in terms of revenues. This may be due to the presence of competitors as well as other modes available to the subscribers for obtaining movie DVDs. 3.3 Diversification: Netflix has so far been only on the online rental of movie DVDs. The competition in this particular segment of the business is increasing with more players like Blockbusters and Green cine entering the business. Moreover the Video on Demand (VOD) and brick and mortar rental outlets like Gallery also pose a competition to Netflix’s business. Although it is estimated that the company would be able to get a subscriber network of 7 million by the end of the year 2007, unless the company takes steps to enhance its revenue from other sources still it may find it difficult to take advantage of the increased subscriber base. 4.0 Conclusion: The following are some of the issues that need to be attended to by the company Netflix to augment its revenue and the resultant profitability: Rate of increase the number of subscribers is not commensurate to increase the earnings The subscription rates are kept low to meet the competition which has caused an erosion in the earnings The company is facing competition from companies who offer other modes of providing the entertainment options. 5.0 Recommendations: Some of the suggestions for improvement in the earnings and ensure the growth are: Increase the number of subscribers by undertaking vigourous advertisement campaigns Reduce the number of options for subscribers from the present 8 options to 4, by rationalizing the subscription rates and adopting modified subscription structures which will increase the earnings for the company Have a look in to the other modes of offering DVDs by opening brick and mortar stores using the existing goodwill of the company. Additionally providing VOD services and rental of game DVDs may also be looked into.

US Neutrality Acts of the 1930s and the Lend-Lease Act

US Neutrality Acts of the 1930s and the Lend-Lease Act The Neutrality Acts were a series of laws enacted by the United States government between 1935 and 1939 that were intended to prevent the United States from becoming involved in foreign wars. They more-or-less succeeded until the imminent threat of World War II spurred passage of the 1941 Lend-Lease Act (H.R. 1776), which repealed several key provisions of the Neutrality Acts. Key Takeaways: Neutrality Acts and Lend-Lease The Neutrality Acts, enacted between 1935 and 1939, were intended to prevent the United States from becoming involved in foreign wars.In 1941, the threat of World War II drove passage of the Lend-Lease Act repealing key provisions of the Neutrality Acts.Championed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, the Lend-Lease Act authorized the transfer of U.S. arms or other war materials to Britain, France, China, the Soviet Union, and other nations threatened by the Axis powers without the requirement of monetary repayment. Isolationism Spurred the Neutrality Acts Although many Americans had supported President Woodrow Wilson’s 1917 demand that Congress help create a world â€Å"made safe for democracy† by declaring war on Germany in World War I, the Great Depression of the 1930s spurred a period of American isolationism that would persist until the nation entered World War II in 1942. Many people continued to believe that World War I had involved mainly foreign issues and that America’s entry into the bloodiest conflict in human history had mainly benefited U.S. bankers and arms dealers. These beliefs, combined with the people’s ongoing struggle to recover from the Great Depression, fueled an isolationist movement that opposed the nation’s involvement future foreign wars and financial involvement with the countries fighting in them. The Neutrality Act of 1935 By the mid-1930s, with war in Europe and Asia imminent, the U.S. Congress took action to ensure U.S. neutrality in foreign conflicts. On August 31, 1935, Congress passed the first Neutrality Act. The primary provisions of the law banned the export of â€Å"arms, ammunition, and implements of war† from the United States to any foreign nations at war and required U.S. arms makers to apply for export licenses. â€Å"Whoever, in violation of any of the provisions of this section, shall export, or attempt to export, or cause to be exported, arms, ammunition, or implements of war from the United States, or any of its possessions, shall be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned not more than five years, or both †¦,† stated the law. The law also specified that all arms and war materials found being transported from the U.S. to any foreign nations at war, along with the â€Å"vessel, or vehicle† carrying them would be confiscated. In addition, the law placed American citizens on notice that if they attempted to travel to any foreign nation in a war zone, they did so at their own risk and should not expect any protection or intervention on their behalf from the U.S. government. On February 29, 1936, Congress amended the Neutrality Act of 1935 to prohibit individual Americans or financial institutions from loaning money to foreign nations involved in wars. While President Franklin D. Roosevelt initially opposed and considered vetoing the Neutrality Act of 1935, he signed it in the face of strong public opinion and congressional support for it.   The Neutrality Act of 1937 In 1936, the Spanish Civil War and the growing threat of fascism in Germany and Italy boosted support for further expanding the scope of the Neutrality Act. On May 1, 1937, Congress passed a joint resolution known as the Neutrality Act of 1937, which amended and made the Neutrality Act of 1935 permanent. Under the 1937 Act, U.S. Citizens were barred from traveling on any ship registered to or owned by any foreign nation involved in ​a  war. In addition, American merchant ships were forbidden from carrying arms to such â€Å"belligerent† nations, even if those arms were made outside of the United States.  The president was given the authority to ban all ships of any sort belonging to nations at war from sailing in U.S. waters. The Act also extended its prohibitions to apply to nations involved in civil wars, like the Spanish Civil War. In one concession to President Roosevelt, who had opposed the first Neutrality Act, the 1937 Neutrality Act gave the president the authority to allow nations at war to acquire materials not considered â€Å"implements of war,† such as oil and food, from the United States, provided the material was immediately paid for – in cash – and that the material was carried only on foreign ships. The so-called â€Å"cash-and-carry† provision had been promoted by Roosevelt as a way to Help Great Britain and France in their looming war against the Axis Powers. Roosevelt reasoned that only Britain and France had enough cash and cargo ships to take advantage of the â€Å"cash-and-carry† plan. Unlike other provisions of the Act, which were permanent, Congress specified that that â€Å"cash-and-carry† provision would expire in two years. The Neutrality Act of 1939 After Germany occupied Czechoslovakia in March of 1939, President Roosevelt asked Congress to renew the â€Å"cash-and-carry† provision and expand it to include arms and other materials of war. In a stinging rebuke, Congress refused to do either. As the war in Europe expanded and the Axis nations’ sphere of control spread, Roosevelt persisted, citing the Axis threat to the freedom of America’s European allies. At last, and only after lengthy debate, Congress relented and in November of 1939, enacted a final Neutrality Act, which repealed the embargo against the sale of arms and placed all trade with nations at war under the terms of â€Å"cash-and-carry.† However, the prohibition of U.S. monetary loans to belligerent nations remained in effect and U.S. ships were still prohibited from delivering goods of any kind to countries at war. The Lend-Lease Act of 1941 By late 1940, it had become unavoidably apparent to Congress that the growth of the Axis powers in Europe could eventually threaten the lives and freedom of Americans. In an effort to help the nations fighting the Axis, Congress enacted the Lend-Lease Act (H.R. 1776) in March 1941. The Lend-Lease Act authorized the President of the United States to transfer arms or other defense-related materials – subject to ​the  approval of funding by Congress – to the â€Å"government of any country whose defense the President deems vital to the defense of the United States† at no cost to those countries. Permitting the president to send arms and war materials to Britain, France, China, the Soviet Union, and other threatened nations without payment, the Lend-Lease plan allowed the United States to support the war effort against the Axis without becoming engaged in battle. Viewing the plan as drawing America closer to war, Lend-Lease was opposed by influential isolationists, including Republican Senator Robert Taft. In debate before the Senate, Taft stated that the Act would â€Å"give the president power to carry on a kind of undeclared war all over the world, in which America would do everything except actually put soldiers in the front-line trenches where the fighting is.† Among the public, opposition to Lend-Lease was led by the America First Committee. With a membership of over 800,000, including national hero Charles A. Lindbergh, America First challenged Roosevelt’s every move. Roosevelt took complete control of the program, quietly sending Sec. of Commerce Harry Hopkins, Sec. of State Edward Stettinius Jr., and diplomat W. Averell Harriman on frequent special missions to London and Moscow to coordinate Lend-Lease overseas. Still acutely aware of public sentiment for neutrality, Roosevelt saw to it that details of Lend-Lease expenditures were hidden away in the overall military budget and not allowed to become public until after the war. It is now known that a total of $50.1 billion- about $681 billion today- or about 11% of the total U.S. war expenditures went to Lend-Lease. On a country-by-country basis, U.S. expenditures broke down as follows: British Empire: $31.4 billion (about $427 billion today)Soviet Union: $11.3 billion (about $154 billion today)France: $3.2 billion (about $43.5 billion today)China: $1.6 billion (about to $21.7 billion today) By October 1941, the overall success of the Lend-Lease plan in assisting the allied nations prompted President Roosevelt to seek the repeal of other sections of the Neutrality Act of 1939. On October 17, 1941, the House of Representatives overwhelmingly voted to repeal the section of the Act prohibiting the arming of U.S. merchant ships. A month later, following a series of deadly German submarine attacks on U.S. Navy and merchant ships in international waters, Congress repealed the provision that had barred U.S. ships from delivering arms to belligerent seaports or â€Å"combat zones.† In retrospect, the Neutrality Acts of the 1930s allowed the U.S. Government to accommodate the isolationist sentiment held by a majority of the American people while still protecting America’s security and interests in a foreign war. The Lend-Lease agreements provided that the countries involved would repay the United States not with money or returned goods, but with â€Å"joint action directed towards the creation of a liberalized international economic order in the postwar world.† Meaning the U.S. would be repaid when the recipient country helped the U.S. fight common enemies and agreed to join new world trade and diplomatic agencies, such as the United Nations. Of course, the isolationists’ hopes of America maintaining any pretense of neutrality in World War II ended on the morning of December 7, 1942, when the Japanese Navy attacked the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.

Nike marketing from 1964 until today Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Nike marketing from 1964 until today - Essay Example There are about 44000 people working in Nike Inc. globally. The chain of stores that Nike runs are named as Niketown (www.nikeinc.com, 2012). It has contracts with about 700 suppliers and contractors outside the USA. There are about 45 offices of Nike situated in countries other than USA. Majority of its manufacturing factories are placed and operated in Asian countries such as China, Indonesia, Taiwan, India, Pakistan, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, and Philippines (www.nikeinc.com, 2012). Business Products The main products offered by Nike worldwide are sport shoes such as track running shoes, clothing’s like jersey jackets, shorts, base layers. Accessories and equipment may include All of these are complementary products and are offered alike at all the available chain of stores under Nike Brand name (www.nikeinc.com, 2012). These items can be broadly divided into three main products sportswear shoes, and clothing line items and associated accessories and equipment (www.nikei nc.com, 2012). Marketing Trends of Nike Incorporation Nike is the stunning outcome of two athletes, an athletic trainer at the University of Oregon (Bill Bowerman), the other was runner and accounting student semi-bottom (Phil Knight) who had the idea of importing Japanese athletic shoes but was not too expensive and technically efficient enough. They joined in 1965 and Jeff Johnson becomes the first vendor-company representative who explored the athletic stadiums in the country to promote their shoes. But soon, Bowerman wanted to make his own shoes. Therefore Nike’s operations and promotions were actually initiated in 1972. In 1972, the king of sport shoes Adidas was German. Nike came as leisure sports and started booming but the market was still untapped. Nike became the predecessor of offshoring. At the time, the concept was new in the field of textile. Now followed by the majority of its competitors, but this innovation enabled it to secure a monopoly rents through market dominance undeniable over the years. Nike never had factory and remained true to its economic principles departure: subcontracting in developing countries for a maximum profit. The Nike logo (named by Swoosh) is very simple and immediately recognisable. It caused a great deal in brand awareness and had often been borrowed. In the years 70/80s, marketing was dominated by what the lifestyle appellate. Brands had an ideal world in which the consumer was projected willingly. Nike reused this principle but added specific values. Nike values included freedom, spontaneity, overshoot, Individualism, struggle, desire to go further, to reach its limits, willingness to extract rules and formal side of the flange sports (Nike claims an institutional aspect of the sport and the influence of federations sediment yet in many disciplines). All these values are derived from the original sports brand, namely the "running" (The race), individualistic sports where the concept of passing is central. Mo reover, one of the models of the brand is the athlete Steve Prefontaine (runneur bottom half) who played a good part in the values that were dear to the brand. Nike was going to change this whole vision of sport culture. And this vision was that of the American sports model that can be called as, the cult of performance. The important fact for Nike was not to participate but to win, that goes perfectly against the European sports model, which in turn, emphasizes sportsmanship, fair play and promotes a sport at the collective

Exercise 5.3 and 5.4 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Exercise 5.3 and 5.4 - Assignment Example He said that many drivers had removed their winter snow tires and the dusting was enough to create conditions in which cars slid off the road.                   A call to the National Weather Service at Fargos Hector International airport also yielded that a narrow band of storm clouds rolled across central North Dakota, dumping just a tenth of an inch of snow. The NWS spokesperson Todd Drizzle said, â€Å"We got a bit more than we expected," adding that forecasters had expected "mere flurries." D. B. Dotty, 124 W. Breedlaw Road, who also witnessed the accident, testified that the ground froze fast the previous night to near zero. â€Å"The concrete was so cold this morning that instead of melting, the snow turned to ice. Nobody expected it. It got slick all of a sudden," She said. When I arrived there, motorists had fled the scene of the accident and backed up half a mile on both sides of the scene. Responding also to the accident were a water-tanker truck, a paramedics unit, a rescue squad, two fire engines, state and county troopers and a tow truck. The other car driver John Washburn, a 22-year-old undergraduate at North Dakota State University, was unhurt after driving his white Geo Metro into a mailbox on Poplar Avenue. Mr.Washbum regretted having pulled off his snow tires the previous week. â€Å"I guess Ill wait a few more weeks next year. Sure stinks to get stuck in the snow," he said. A police spokesperson observed that most of the 60 accidents occurred between 9 a.m. and 1 p.m. Melinda Frades, a 69-year-old woman has lost to fire a home and small barn at 384 Serramonte Ave. The estimated value of the property was $1.2 million. The fire began at about 4 p.m. at the bottom of a hill near the highway and spread up to the top, where it reached the single-story ranch-style house. According to Woodside Fire Capt. Jan Spiegel, it looked like it might have been something somebody threw from a car, although this is yet to be

The exhibition as a process and as a product Case Study

The exhibition as a process and as a product - Case Study Example of the team into a multi-disciplinary exhibition research team is that; it is through broad research into exhibition themes and subjects, that it can be possible to design an exhibition theme that will be relevant, yet attractive to a broad audience (Morris, 2002:8). Thus, through the different research areas that the sub-groups of the team engaged in analyzing, it eventually became possible to emerge with the theme of displaying how and why image has been controlled through time. Further, the operation of the team as a research group was further reinforced by the ability of the team to work together in harmony, a factor that was a major source of strength for the process. Teamwork is an essential component for achieving success in different projects, and most especially in projects that entail combination of different individual strengths (Bedno, 1999:42). The process of preparing for an exhibition highly depends on the multiple strengths of different members of a team, considering that there are different roles that need to be played in the process, such as planning, designing, interpreting, curate and educating the audience (Downey, 2002:44). All these different roles highly depended on the different strengths of the team members, considering that some team members were highly competent in researching and developing content, while others were good at designing and planning, and still others played the role of educating the audience very well. This combination eventually produced a very competent team, considering that specialization is an effective strategy in the process of division of labor, which allows individuals to concentrate and specialize on the areas that they are highly competent and proficient (Kamien, 2002:127). Through this specialization and division of labor, the work process was effectively broken down into categories of tasks, and the competent individuals in such areas were offered the responsibilities. Thus, specialization and division of

Ethnographic Report Essay Example for Free

Ethnographic Report Essay In order to make an ethnographic report, I visited a shop of Toys â€Å"R† Us in my native city in California. It was located in a big new shopping center in the main street of the city. It was not a very big toy shop, but there was quite a good variety of different toys, and also there was a small section of the goods for babies Kids â€Å"R† Us. That day it was really very crowded there, because it was Saturday afternoon and many parents could take their children out for shopping. Besides, as this mall was a brand new one in the city, there were dozens and dozens of new interested customers, arriving all the time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     First of all, I paid attention on numerous young couples and teenagers, who came there definitely without intentions to buy something, but rather to do window shopping. This could happen because the shop was, again, a brand-new place. Of course, there were many children there, who came mostly with their mothers or elder siblings. There were a lot of young women in the section of Kids â€Å"R† Us, who were interested in clothes, footwear or toys for little babies. Therefore, I could notice almost total absence of mid-aged men in the shop.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It was not easy to estimate correctly, whether those children were mostly boys or girls. Probably, the amount of male and female children in the shop was approximately equal. Boys were very energetic. They enjoyed mostly action toys, plastic guns, remote controlled cars and basketball sets. Some of them insisted on buying different toys from Spiderman and Hulk series, some chose Spiderman comics, and two of little boys became happy owners of Lego sets. Also, miraculous but rather expensive multifunctional Robosapien Robot was an extreme attraction for all the male part of the visitors. Certainly, little girls were very greatly interested in Barbie-dolls and their all possible accessories. Many girls were asking their mums to buy special sets of toy cosmetics and little dresses for their Barbie dolls. Some girls decided to buy new back-bags, stationary or other accessories for school, and one girl asked her mother to buy a big set for arts and crafts. Some little girls preferred to buy little plastic toys, like My Little Pony with a long tail and mane to be brushed by a little brush, included to the set. Extreme crowd of children of both genders could be observed in the section of stuffed animals, where lots of beautiful dogs, cats, horses, tigers or teddy bears, small and big in size, were waiting for their owners. There were many adults in this section also. Three-four of young men bought some cute teddy bears for their girl-friends, and one couple bought a huge stuffed dog. Teenagers and young people were more concentrated on electronic games, PC games, table games, and especially puzzles: I guess, more than a dozen of different puzzles was bought that day. Also, any little child could receive a huge colored balloon from the consultants of the shop in the exit: that used to make many little customers of Toys â€Å"R† US go almost ecstatic.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   During my visit I could observe overwhelming majority of White Americans among the customers of the shop, but there was a family of Blacks: parents and their two little daughters, who were not in hurry and slowly walked, watching around with great interest. Black girls were very silent; they enjoyed plastic sets for playing on the sand, and then they chose a little doll of black color, which late on was bought by their parents for their pleasure. Besides, there were some children of Latin origin, who seemed to be there without parents, so they were extremely noisy and active. They were running around and trying many different toys without special preferences: balls, guns, cars, etc. But in the end they did not buy anything proper, but some sets of plastic water guns and a cheap rubber ball. Generally, I would classify social status of all the visitors like low and mid class. I think, about 70% of all the buys were made by adults, mostly mothers or elder brothers, but there were children, who had some own money and could get something they want for themselves. But, certainly, serious expensive toys could be bought only by adults. To my mind, the most popular toys are action figures and accessories for Barbie. Visiting a toy shop is always pleasure for anybody. Shops of Toys â€Å"R† Us are really very beautiful, very optimistic places, where everybody seems to become very happy and joyful. It is so great to have such wonderful places all around the country, where every day thousands of smiles and good emotions are brought to so many people! Bibliography:  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Toys â€Å"R† Us. Wikipedia. The Free Encyclopedia Online. 4 Oct. 2005. 6 Oct. 2005 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toys_R_Us.

Problem of Rising Higher Education Costs

Problem of Rising Higher Education Costs Today, the problem of rising costs of higher education evokes heat debate among the public and policy-makers. In actuality, the high costs of higher education become an unsurpassable barrier for many students living in poverty-stricken neighborhoods and belonging to low-income families. In this respect, specialists (Breneman Finney, 1997) argue that students should have an opportunity to carry on their education in college depending on their academic skills and potential rather than on their financial position, social status, or other factors, such as cultural background or race. First of all, specialists argue that the public funding is ineffective (Cabrera, Norn, Castaneda, 1992). The state and federal funds are used ineffectively, whereas the quality of the public education remains extremely low, especially compared to private education. As a result students graduating from public schools have fewer opportunities to enter and succeed in college compared to students graduating from private schools. Furthermore, costs of higher education are unaffordable for many students (Heller, 1997). Today, costs of college education keep growing and students cannot afford paying for their college education, whereas educating children becomes an unaffordable burden for many families. As a result social gaps widens that leads to the exclusion of students from low-income families belonging to lower classes from the college education (McDonough, 1997). In fact, the costs of college education becomes the barrier preventing students from low-income families from entering. In addition, many specialists argue that racial gaps also widen depriving minority students of the possibility to obtain the college education (Freeman, 1997). In this regard, African Americans and other minority students are in a disadvantageous position. In spite of existing programs for minority students as well as for low-income students, they are ineffective and social and racial gaps persist. In this regard, the high costs of tuition is one of the major factors that put students in an unequal position and prevent them from equal access to college education (Kaltenbaugh, John, Starkey, 1999). In such a way, many students need the assistance from the part of the state and federal agencies to afford college education. Finally, cultural differences also affect the availability of college education along with the high costs of college education (McDonough, 1998). Some students are not prepared to pay high costs for college education, even if they can afford it, because of their cultural traditions. However, cultural differences are probably the least significant compared to the high costs of college education and tuition. In addition, the high costs of living increase the costs of college education. In such a situation, a considerable part of students from low-income families is just left aside of college education. Proposal for Position Obviously, the lack of access to college education for students from low-income families and from minorities is dangerous for the further development of the US society. Widening gaps between students and the lack of access to college education will lead to social and racial conflicts in the US society. In such a situation, the government should develop effective state and federal aid programs which can provide all students with equal opportunities to access the college education and to obtain their higher education to realize their full potential. On the other hand, the main problem is the effective use of public funds. In this respect, the community control can be an effective measure that provides students in need with better opportunities to obtain college education. In fact, local community members know better than state or federal authorities which students need aid and local communities should have an opportunity to use public funds to aid students in need. Therefore, public fu nds should be redistributed at the local level to provide students in need with essential financial aid to continue their education and to enter colleges. Jessica Willbanks Annotated Bibliography Professor Grower English 112 20 March 2011 Breneman, D., Finney, J. (1997). The changing landscape: Higher education finance in the 1990s. In P. M. Callan J. E. Finney (Eds.), Public and private financing of higher education. Phoenix, AZ: Oryx Press. The authors focus on funding of the higher education. The authors distinguish private and public sources of funding stressing that the public funding is not always effective and deprives many students of the possibility to obtain higher education. Cabrera, A. F. (1994). Logistic regression analysis in higher education: An applied perspective. In J. C. Smart (Ed.), Higher education: Handbook of theory and research, 10, New York: Agathon. The author explores the development of the higher education and its future prospects. The author arrives to the conclusion that education will shift to higher costs and wider use of information technologies. Cabrera, A. F., Norn, A., Castaneda, M. B. (1992). The role of finances in the persistence process: A structural model. Research in Higher Education, 33, 57 1-593. The authors reveal existing models of funding of college education, uncovering persisting gaps between low-income students and students from upper-classes. The existing structure of the college education and its funding is ineffective and widens gaps between students. Cabrera, A. F., Nora, A., Castaneda, M. B. (1993). College persistence: Structural equations modeling test of an integrated model of student retention. Journal of Higher Education, 64, 123-139. The authors attempt to elaborate an efficient model of the assessment of effectiveness of funding college education and costs of college education. Freeman, K. (1997). Increasing African Americans participation in higher education. Journal of Higher Education, 68, 523-550. The author focuses on the problem of the lack of access of African American students to college education. The author defines ways which can increase the share of African American students in college education and open college education for minorities. Grubb, W. N. (1996). Working in the middle. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. The author discusses the development of the modern higher education and education system at large. The author identifies numerous problems, among which high costs of higher education are among the most serious problems that put students in unequal position. Heller, D. E. (1997). Student price response in higher education: An update to Leslie and Brinkman. Journal of Higher Education, 68, 624-659. The author draws the audiences attention to growing costs of higher education and forecasts that costs of college education will grow even more. In addition, the author discusses negative effects of high costs of college education. Hossler, D., Schmitt, J. (1995). The Indiana postsecondary-encouragement experiment. In E. P. St. John (Ed.), Rethinking tuition and student aid strategies. New Directions in Higher Education, 89, 27-39, San Francisco: Jossey Bass, The authors explore efforts of the Indiana authorities to encourage college education. They evaluate critically state aid to needy students and suggest using Indiana experience in other states. Kaltenbaugh, L. S., St. John, E. P., Starkey, J. B. (1999). What difference does tuition make? An analysis of ethnic differences in persistence. Journal of Student Financial Aid, 29 (2), 21-31. The authors of the article raise the problem of high costs of tuition, which becomes an unsurpassable barrier for many students on their way to college education. McDonough, P. M. (1997). Choosing colleges: How social class and schools structure opportunity. Albany: SUNY Press. The author explores the problem of the impact of social class of students on their education opportunities. The author stresses that students from low-income families have little opportunities to obtain higher education. McDonough, P. M. (1998). Structuring college opportunities: A cross-case analysis or organizational cultures, climates, and habiti. In C. A. Torres T. R. Mitchell (Eds.), Sociology of education: Emerging perspectives, 181-210, Albany: SUNY Press. The author studies the impact of the cultural background on students performance in college revealing differences between different cultural groups. Paulsen, M.B. P. J. Edward. (2002). Social Class and College Costs: Examining the Financial Nexus between College Choice and Persistence. Journal of Higher Education, 73(2), 189-197. The authors reveal the wide gap between students belonging to different social classes. The authors argue that social class is an important factor preventing students from or admitting to higher education.

Elaboration Likelyhood Essay -- essays research papers

Elaboration Likelihood 2 Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Recently the nation was bombarded with political ad campaigns of all shapes and sizes. There were the ads for and against succession, the ads that attempted to show Gray Davis as someone who could actually run the state of California, and the ads that didn’t really seem to have any purpose at all. It is obvious that each of these campaigns was focused on a specific target audience. What may not have been so obvious was that each of the ad campaigns was also based upon the involvement or interest of the voters (Perloff, 1993). This involvement or interest is a component of the Elaboration Likelihood Model. This theory helps advertising consultants decide what elections are important to voters and what elections have no relevance to anyone but lawmakers (Perloff, 1993). Important elections, such as the gubernatorial race will have strong arguments and depth while not so significant elections, such as the clean water initiative will rely on cues that are undem anding in terms of the amount of brain power used (Perloff, 1993).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The application of the Elaboration Likelihood Model to political campaigns is just one of the many practical uses of this theory. But before it is possible to examine other possible applications of the ELM, one must understand the basic ideas and factors that make it work. After a clear understanding of the ELM is devolved it will be shown in relation to the specific communication perspective that it fits into, and then used to evaluate a real life situation. Subsequent to the evaluation of the practical application the ELM will be scrutinized and summed up, but first the basics. Description of Theory   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Elaboration Likelihood 3 The elaboration likelihood theory was created by two social scientists, Richard Petty and John Cacioppo, who sought to create a model of persuasion that was more inclusive in terms of the range and depth in which the theory covered (Perloff, 1993). Petty and Cacioppo’s theory is a culmination of their research in the area of â€Å"cognitive responses to persuasion† and theories of attitude change (Perloff, 1993, p. 118). The ELM is a theory of persuasion with a central premise that seeks to explain how deeply an individual will elaborate the arguments of a persuasive message by examining the ind... ...ovements. First of all, Perloff (1993, p. 132) makes the point that there should be more consideration of â€Å"situational and personality factors that might interact to influence the processing strategy.† Perloff (1993, p. 132) also would like to know â€Å"how do people simultaneously process central and peripheral information?† Elaboration Likelihood 10 References Bargh, J. A. (2002, September). Losing Consciousness: Automatic Influences on   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Consumer Judgment, Behavior, and Motivation. Journal of Consumer Research,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  29 (2).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Littlejohn, S. W. (2001). Theories of Human Communication. Albuquerque, NM:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Wadsworth. Perloff, R. M. (1993). The Dynamics of Persuasion. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Eribaum   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Assoc. Sereno, K. (2002, Fall). Comm 200: Communication as a Social Science. Lecture Notes. Stephenson, M. T., Benoit, W. L., Tschida, D. A. (2001). Testing the Mediating Role of   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cognitive Responses in the Elaboration Likelihood Model. Communication   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Studies, 52 (4), 324-338.